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瀝青(qing)是由不(bú)同分子(zi)量的碳(tàn)氫化合(hé)物及其(qi)非金屬(shu)衍生物(wù)組成的(de)黑褐色(se)複雜混(hùn)合物，呈(chéng)液态，是(shi)一種防(fang)水防潮(cháo)和防腐(fu)的有機(ji)膠凝材(cái)料。用于(yú)塗料、塑(su)料、橡膠(jiāo)等工業(ye)以及鋪(pù)築路面(mian)等。 Asphalt is composed of different molecular weight hydrocarbons and non-metallic derivatives of dark brown complex mixture, a liquid, is a kind of waterproof and moistureproof and anticorrosive organic cementing materials.Used in coatings, plastic, rubber and other industrial and paved road, etc. 中文(wen)名 瀝青(qing)Chinese name asphalt EINECS登錄号(hào)232-490-9EINECS registration number 232-490-9 熔 點 485Melting point 485 沸(fei) 點<470 ℃boiling point < 470 ℃< iv> 水溶(róng)性不溶(rong)于水Water soluble does not dissolve in water 密(mì) 度 1.15-1.25Dense degree of 1.15 to 1.25 外 觀(guān)半固體(tǐ)或液體(tǐ)狀态Outside view half solid or liquid state 閃(shan) 點204.4Flash point 204.4 危險(xian)性描述(shù)健康危(wei)害：中等(děng)毒性Describe health hazard risk: medium toxicity 來(lái) 源煤和(he)石油To the source of coal and oil 成(chéng) 分瀝青(qing)質和樹(shù)脂Into asphaltene and resin 含 量(liàng)99.48%Containing 99.48% 爆炸下(xia)限 30(g/立方(fāng)厘米)The lower explosive limit (30 g/cm3) 導(dao)電性能(neng)絕緣體(tǐ)(常溫下(xia))Conductivity insulator (room temperature) 瀝青屬(shǔ)于憎水(shui)性材料(liao)，它不透(tòu)水，也幾(jǐ)乎不溶(rong)于水、丙(bing)酮、乙醚(mi)、稀乙醇(chún)，溶于二(èr)硫化碳(tan)、四氯化(hua)碳、氫氧(yang)化鈉。瀝(li)青及其(qí)煙氣對(dui)皮膚粘(zhan)膜具有(you)刺激性(xìng)，有光毒(dú)作用和(hé)緻癌作(zuò)用。我國(guó)三種主(zhu)要瀝青(qīng)的毒性(xing)：煤焦瀝(li)青>頁岩(yan)瀝青>石(shi)油瀝青(qing)，前二者(zhě)有緻癌(ai)性。瀝青(qīng)的主要(yào)皮膚損(sǔn)害有：光(guāng)毒性皮(pi)炎，皮損(sun)限于面(mian)、頸部等(děng)暴露部(bu)分；黑變(biàn)病，皮損(sǔn)常對稱(chēng)分布于(yu)暴露部(bu)位，呈片(pian)狀，呈褐(hè)－深褐－褐(hè)黑色；職(zhi)業性痤(cuo)瘡；疣狀(zhuang)贅生物(wù)及事故(gu)引起的(de)熱燒傷(shāng)。此外，尚(shàng)有頭昏(hun)、頭脹，頭(tou)痛、胸悶(men)、乏力、惡(è)心、食欲(yù)不振等(děng)全身症(zhèng)狀和眼(yan) 、鼻、咽部(bù)的刺激(jī)症狀。Asphalt is hydrophobic material, it impermeable, almost insoluble in water, dilute ethanol, acetone, ether, soluble in carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, sodium hydroxide.Asphalt and flue gas of skin mucous membrane irritation, has the light effect and the effect that cause cancer.China's three major asphalt toxicity: coal tar > > oil shale asphalt asphalt, before both have carcinogenicity.The main skin lesions are: asphalt light contact dermatitis, skin confined to the face, neck and other exposed parts;Melanosis, skin lesions often symmetrical distributed in the exposed parts, plate shaped, brown - deep brown - brown-black;Occupational acne;Verrucous vegetations and the accident cause thermal burns.In addition, there are dizziness, head bilges, headache, chest tightness, fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite and other systemic symptom and eye, nose, pharynx and irritation.
煤焦瀝(lì)青是煉(liàn)焦的副(fu)産品，即(ji)焦油蒸(zhēng)餾後殘(can)留在蒸(zheng)餾釜内(nèi)的黑色(sè)物質。它(ta)與精制(zhì)焦油隻(zhī)是物理(li)性質有(yǒu)分别，沒(mei)有明顯(xian)的界限(xian)，一般的(de)劃分方(fang)法是規(gui)定軟化(hua)點在26．7℃（立(li)方塊法(fa)）以下的(de)為焦油(you)，26．7℃以上的(de)為瀝青(qīng)。煤焦瀝(lì)青中主(zhǔ)要含有(you)難揮發(fa)的蒽、菲(fei)、芘等。這(zhe)些物質(zhi)具有毒(dú)性，由于(yu)這些成(chéng)分的含(hán)量不同(tóng)，煤焦瀝(li)青的性(xing)質也因(yin)而不同(tóng)。溫度的(de)變化對(dui)煤焦瀝(lì)青的影(yǐng)響很大(dà)，冬季容(róng)易脆裂(liè)，夏季容(rong)易軟化(huà)。加熱時(shí)有特殊(shu)氣味；加(jiā)熱到260℃在(zài)5小時以(yi)後，其所(suǒ)含的蒽(ēn)、菲、芘等(deng)成分就(jiù)會揮發(fa)出來。Coal tar is a by-product of coking, namely tar distillation residue in distillation kettle black material.It has respectively with refined tar is only physical properties, there is no clear boundaries, is the way of dividing rules softening point in commonly 26.7 ℃ (cube method) for tar, under 26.7 ℃ above for asphalt.Coal tar mainly contains difficult volatilization of anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, etc.These substances have toxic, because the content of these compounds is different, the properties of coal tar are so different.The change of temperature has much effect on the coal tar, winter easy embrittlement, summer is easy to soften.Heating from time to tome special smell;Heated to 260 ℃ after 5 hours, its composition such as anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene will evaporate. 石(shí)油瀝青(qing)asphalt 石油瀝(lì)青是原(yuán)油蒸餾(liú)後的殘(can)渣。根據(jù)提煉程(chéng)度的不(bu)同，在常(chang)溫下成(cheng)液體、半(ban)固體或(huò)固體。石(shi)油瀝青(qīng)色黑而(ér)有光澤(zé)，具有較(jiào)高的感(gǎn)溫性。由(yóu)于它在(zai)生産過(guo)程中曾(ceng)經蒸餾(liu)至400℃以上(shang)，因而所(suǒ)含揮發(fā)成分甚(shèn)少，但仍(réng)可能有(you)高分子(zi)的碳氫(qīng)化合物(wu)未經揮(huī)發出來(lai)，這些物(wu)質或多(duō)或少對(duì)人體健(jian)康是有(yǒu)害的。Petroleum asphalt is after crude distillation residue.Depending on the degree of refining, into a liquid, semi-solid or solid at room temperature.Petroleum pitch dark and luster, has higher heat resistance.Because it had distillation in the production process to more than 400 ℃, thus contained little volatile component, but may still have high polymer without volatile hydrocarbons, which more or less is harmful to human health. 天(tian)然瀝青(qing)Natural asphalt 天然瀝(lì)青儲藏(cáng)在地下(xia)，有的形(xing)成礦層(céng)或在地(dì)殼表面(mian)堆積。這(zhè)種瀝青(qīng)大都經(jīng)過天然(ran)蒸發、氧(yang)化，一般(bān)已不含(han)有任何(hé)毒素。Natural asphalt storage in underground, some forming seam or piled up in the earth's crust surface.The asphalt mostly through the natural evaporation and oxidation, generally do not contain any poison. 瀝(lì)青材料(liao)分為地(dì)瀝青和(he)焦油瀝(li)青兩大(dà)類。地瀝(li)青又分(fèn)為天然(rán)瀝青和(he)石油瀝(lì)青，天然(ran)瀝青是(shi)石油滲(shen)出地表(biǎo)經長期(qi)暴露和(hé)蒸發後(hou)的殘留(liu)物；石油(you)瀝青是(shì)将精制(zhì)加工石(shí)油所殘(cán)餘的渣(zhā)油，經适(shì)當的工(gong)藝處理(li)後得到(dao)的産品(pin)。焦油瀝(lì)青是煤(mei)、木材等(deng)有機物(wu)幹餾加(jia)工所得(de)的焦油(you)經再加(jia)工後的(de)産品。工(gōng)程中采(cai)用的瀝(li)青絕大(dà)多數是(shì)石油瀝(lì)青，石油(yóu)瀝青是(shì)複雜的(de)碳氫化(hua)合物與(yǔ)其非金(jin)屬衍生(sheng)物組成(cheng)的混合(hé)物。通常(cháng)瀝青閃(shan)點在240℃~330℃之(zhī)間，燃點(dian)比閃點(diǎn)約高3℃~6℃度(dù)，因此施(shī)工溫度(dù)應控制(zhi)在閃點(diǎn)以下。Asphalt material divided into two categories, pitch and bitumen.Asphalt is divided into natural asphalt and petroleum asphalt, natural bitumen is oil seepage surface after long exposure and evaporation residue;Petroleum asphalt is a residual of residual oil will be refined processing, after appropriate processing products.Bitumen is coal, wood and other organic matter carbonization processing tar after reprocessing of products.Engineering used in the asphalt is the vast majority of asphalt, asphalt is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons with nonmetal derivatives.Usually asphalt flash point between 240 ℃ ~ 330 ℃, flash point is higher than flash point about 3 ℃ ~ 6 ℃ degrees, so the construction temperature should be controlled below the flash point.v 輸(shu)送改性(xing)瀝青泵(bèng)在開始(shǐ)運轉前(qián)，往齒輪(lun)泵的殼(ké)體内灌(guan)滿待輸(shu)送的液(ye)體，便于(yú)安全啟(qǐ)動。若環(huán)境溫度(dù)低于冰(bing)點，應預(yù)先向泵(bèng)内通入(rù)熱蒸汽(qi)，進行預(yù)熱處理(li)，然後才(cai)可啟動(dòng)齒輪泵(beng)。高粘度(dù)泵的旋(xuán)轉方向(xiàng)要與進(jìn)、出油口(kǒu)相符。齒(chǐ)輪泵若(ruò)是第一(yi)次運行(hang)，或長期(qī)閑置後(hòu)再使用(yòng)，最好在(zài)空載或(huò)小負荷(he)情況下(xia)先跑合(he)一小時(shi)左右。如(rú)果在跑(pǎo)合階段(duan)預先覺(jiao)察出異(yi)常溫升(sheng)、洩漏、振(zhen)動和噪(zào)聲時，應(yīng)停機檢(jian)查。高粘(zhān)度齒輪(lun)泵的支(zhī)座或法(fǎ)蘭與其(qí)驅動電(dian)機應采(cai)用共同(tong)的安裝(zhuang)基礎，基(jī)礎、法蘭(lan)或支座(zuo)均需具(jù)有足夠(gou)的剛度(du)，以減小(xiao)齒輪泵(beng)運轉時(shí)産生的(de)振動和(he)噪聲。電(diàn)動機與(yu)齒輪泵(beng)須用彈(dàn)性聯軸(zhóu)器連接(jiē)，同軸度(dù)小于0.1毫(hao)米，傾斜(xie)角不得(dé)大于1度(du)。安裝聯(lian)軸器時(shi)不得用(yòng)錘敲打(dǎ)，以免傷(shāng)害齒輪(lún)泵的齒(chǐ)輪等零(líng)件。若用(yong)帶輪、鍊(liàn)輪等驅(qū)動時應(yīng)設托架(jià)支承，以(yǐ)防主動(dòng)齒輪軸(zhóu)承受徑(jìng)向力。緊(jin)固齒輪(lún)泵、電動(dòng)機的地(dì)腳螺釘(ding)時，螺釘(dìng)受力應(ying)均勻，連(lián)接可靠(kào)。用手轉(zhuǎn)動聯軸(zhou)器時，應(yīng)感覺到(dào)齒輪泵(beng)能夠輕(qīng)松地轉(zhuan)動，沒有(yǒu)卡緊等(děng)異常現(xian)象出現(xian)，然後才(cái)可以配(pei)管。High viscosity pump before starting work, to gear pump casing filled with liquid, facilitate safe launch.If the environment temperature is below freezing, should advance to pump into the hot steam, preheating treatment, and then to start the pump.The direction of rotation of the pump with high viscosity, oil outlet in accord.Gear pump is the first run, or long-term idle before using, had better under the condition of no load or small load to run one hour or so.If in the running-in stage in advance detect abnormal temperature rise, leakage, vibration and noise, should stop check.High viscosity gear pump bearing or flange should adopt a common drive motor installationFoundation, foundation, flange or support all needs to have enough rigidity, to reduce the vibration of gear pump is running and noise.Motor and gear pump with elastic shaft coupling, coaxial degree is less than 0.1 mm, Angle shall not be greater than 1 degree.When installing coupling hammer shall not be used, in order to avoid damage of the gear pump gearAnd other parts.If use the belt wheel, wheel, etc, shall set bracket support, in case of driving gear bearing by the radial force.Ground screw fastening gear pump, motor, screw force should be uniform, reliable connection.Turn the coupling with the hand, should feel can easily turn the gear pump, no abnormal phenomenon such as clamping, then can be piping. 輸送(sòng)改性瀝(lì)青泵的(de)吸油管(guǎn)道内徑(jìng)應足夠(gòu)大，并避(bi)免狹窄(zhǎi)通道或(huò)急劇拐(guai)彎、減少(shao)彎頭，去(qu)除不必(bi)要的閥(fa)門、附件(jian)，盡可能(neng)地降低(dī)泵的安(ān)裝高度(du)，縮短吸(xī)油管道(dào)的長度(du)，以減少(shǎo)壓力損(sǔn)失。管接(jie)頭等元(yuan)件的密(mi)封要良(liáng)好，以防(fáng)止空氣(qi)侵入，從(cóng)而控制(zhi)氣穴與(yu)氣蝕的(de)發生。止(zhǐ)回閥與(yu)安全閥(fa)在齒輪(lún)泵的輸(shu)出管路(lù)上最好(hǎo)安裝一(yī)個止回(hui)閥。這樣(yang)在檢修(xiū)泵及輸(shu)出管道(dào)時，系統(tǒng)中的液(yè)體不會(hui)發生倒(dao)流。齒輪(lun)泵帶負(fu)荷停車(chē)時，亦可(ke)防止泵(bèng)倒轉而(er)在其輸(shu)出管道(dào)内産生(sheng)局部真(zhen)空。應當(dang)注意，出(chū)口止回(hui)閥不能(néng)裝反或(huo)出現卡(kǎ)死現象(xiàng)。高粘度(dù)泵的出(chu)口管路(lu)上還應(yīng)當設置(zhi)安全閥(fá)等保護(hu)裝置，這(zhe)樣一旦(dan)泵的出(chū)口通道(dào)發生堵(dǔ)塞，就可(ke)以打開(kai)安全閥(fá)卸壓。安(an)全閥可(kě)以與泵(beng)體或泵(beng)蓋鑄成(chéng)一體，也(ye)可以單(dan)獨裝配(pèi)。對于需(xū)要正反(fan)轉的高(gāo)粘度齒(chi)輪泵，其(qi)進出口(kǒu)管路上(shang)均需設(she)置安全(quan)閥。High viscosity gear pump oil suction pipe diameter should be large enough, and to avoid the narrow channel, or a sharp turn, reducing elbow, remove unnecessary valves, fittings, as much as possible to reduce the installation height of pump, shorten the length of the oil suction pipe, in order to reduce the pressure loss.Components, such as pipe joint sealed well, in order to prevent the air intrusion, thus control air-pocket and the occurrence of cavitation.Check valve and relief valve on the output of the gear pump tube had better install a check valve.In the overhaul pump and output pipe, the system of fluid backflow will not occur.Gear pump to stop loading machine, can be in the output pipe to prevent pump reverse, and create a partial vacuum.It should be noted that the outlet check valve cannot be installed backwards or stuck.High viscosity of the pump outlet pipe also shall set up relief valve or other protective device on the road, so that once the clogging pump export channels, can open the relief valve pressure relief.The relief valve can be cast and pump body and pump cover, also can separate assembly.For high viscosity gear pump need positive &negative, import and export all needs to set up the line safety valve. 輸送(song)改性瀝(li)青泵是(shi)輸送高(gao)粘度液(ye)體的齒(chǐ)輪泵，應(ying)做到在(zài)較低的(de)功耗、較(jiao)少的洩(xiè)漏、較大(dà)的壓力(li)下輸出(chu)最多的(de)流量。在(zai)确定所(suǒ)要輸送(song)的介質(zhi)時，應該(gāi)嚴格遵(zun)循産品(pin)說明書(shu)上的規(gui)定，盡量(liàng)使用廠(chang)家推薦(jiàn)的流體(tǐ)介質，并(bìng)注意考(kǎo)慮系統(tǒng)的工作(zuo)溫度範(fàn)圍。當希(xī)望在某(mǒu)一較寬(kuan)的溫度(dù)範圍内(nèi)使用時(shí)，輸送介(jiè)質的粘(zhan)度指數(shu)應該高(gao)些。輸送(song)介質不(bu)僅是能(neng)量傳遞(di)的中介(jie)，而且也(ye)是潤滑(huá)、密封及(ji)傳熱介(jie)質。液體(tǐ)粘度過(guò)高會增(zeng)加内摩(mó)擦阻力(lì)，降低輸(shū)出功率(lü)，浪費能(neng)量，并産(chǎn)生過高(gāo)的系統(tǒng)溫度.高(gao)粘度齒(chǐ)輪泵的(de)出口管(guan)路上應(yīng)當設置(zhi)安全閥(fá)等保護(hu)裝置，這(zhè)樣一旦(dan)泵的出(chu)口通道(dào)發生堵(du)塞，就可(kě)以打開(kai)安全閥(fa)卸壓。對(duì)于需要(yào)正反轉(zhuan)的高粘(zhan)度齒輪(lun)泵，其進(jin)出口管(guǎn)路上均(jun1)需設置(zhi)安全閥(fá)。High viscosity pump is conveying liquid with high viscosity gear pump, should be in lower power consumption, less leakage, under the pressure of large output the most traffic.When determining to conveying medium, we should strictly follow the provisions of the product manuals on use manufacturers recommend fluid as far as possible, and pay attention to consider the system operating temperature range.When you want to use in a wide temperature range, medium viscosity index should be higher.Medium is not only the energy transfer intermediary, but also lubrication, sealing and heat transfer medium.Liquid viscosity is too high will increase internal friction resistance, lower output power, waste of energy, and generate high temperature system. High viscosity gear pump outlet pipe shall set up relief valve or other protective device on the road, so once the clogging pump export channels, can open the relief valve pressure relief.For high viscosity gear pump need positive &negative, import and export all needs to set up the line safety valve. 1、工作壓(yā)力的選(xuǎn)定1, select the work pressure 輸送(song)改性瀝(lì)青泵額(é)定的壓(yā)力是指(zhǐ)泵連續(xù)工作時(shi)的最高(gao)許用壓(ya)力，而其(qi)工作壓(yā)力則決(jué)定于外(wài)部負載(zǎi)，安裝和(he)調試的(de)壽命與(yǔ)其工作(zuò)壓力直(zhí)接相關(guān)。對于不(bu)頻繁工(gōng)作的齒(chǐ)輪泵，其(qi)工作壓(ya)力可取(qǔ)為泵的(de)額定壓(ya)力，考慮(lü)到産品(pin)質量不(bu)同，最好(hao)将額定(dìng)壓力降(jiang)低20%～30%使用(yong)。對于經(jīng)常工作(zuò)于較高(gāo)壓力下(xià)的齒輪(lun)泵，其工(gōng)作壓力(lì)應比泵(beng)的額定(ding)壓力低(dī)1～2個壓力(li)級。石油(yóu)化工設(she)備常常(chang)是24小時(shí)連續運(yun)轉，這時(shi)泵的工(gōng)作壓力(lì)應該取(qǔ)得比額(e)定壓力(lì)低得多(duō)，且工作(zuo)轉速也(yě)應該低(di)于額定(ding)轉速。如(rú)果高粘(zhan)度齒輪(lún)泵的工(gong)作壓力(li)調整過(guo)高，則會(hui)使齒輪(lun)泵在超(chao)負荷下(xia)運行。High viscosity pump rated pressure refers to the maximum allowable pump continuous work pressure, and its working pressure is determined by the external load, installation and commissioning of life is directly related with work pressure.For not frequent work gear pump, the working pressure is desirable for the rated pressure of the pump, taking the quality into consideration, it is best to used pressure rated lower 20% ~ 30%.For often work under high pressure gear pump, the working pressure shall be lower than the rated pressure of the pump 1 ~ 2 pressure level.Petrochemical equipment are often 24 hours of continuous operation, and at this time of the pump working pressure should be obtained was much lower than the rated pressure, and the work speed should be lower than the rated speed.If the high viscosity gear pump high pressure adjustment, will make the pump running under overload. 2.安(ān)裝與試(shì)運轉2. Installation and commissioning
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